Modern lubricants are formulated from a range of base fluids and chemical additives. The base fluid has several functions but primarily it is the lubricant, providing a fluid layer separating moving surfaces or removing heat and wear particles while keeping friction at a minimum. Many of the properties of the lubricant are enhanced or created by the addition of special chemical additives to the base fluid.
For example, stability to oxidation and degradation in an engine oil can be improved by the addition of antioxidants while extreme pressure (EP) anti-wear properties needed in gear lubrication are created by the addition of special EP additives.
The base fluid also functions as the carrier for these additives and must therefore be able to keep the additives in solution under all normal working conditions.
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