These are also commonly called plant lice or green flies, but not all aphid species are green. Although aphids are relatively small they can usually be seen with the naked eye. There are a large number of aphid species which can use crops as their host, some aphids have two or more host species. Aphids suck the plant’s sap especially from the under side of young leaves and shoots.
Figure 21 illustrates aphids feeding on the under side of hot pepper leaves. In addition to the direct attack on the plant they are capable of transmitting viruses from an infected plant to a virus free plant, thus spreading the disease. As aphids feed they pass out honeydew attracting ants which feed from it. The ants then build up and can become a pest to field workers and the host plants because the ants tend to deter the aphids’ natural enemies which in turn increases the aphid population. A further problem is the growth of the fungus commonly called sooty mould, on the honeyaew. This reduces the efficiency of the leaf surface and if present on fruit will reduce the market value of the crop.
Aphid control: There has been more emphasis on developing and using natural methods of control in recent years. This is partly because many chemical control methods can also reduce populations of the aphid’s natural enemies, also because of environmental issues and the consumer’s demand for a reduction of chemical residues on market produce. Natural control methods include establishing barrier crops, such as corn (maize) or similar tall annual crops around the perimeter of the plot before the pepper is planted out. Predatory beetles of aphids should also be encouraged. Before using any insecticide check the importing market’s regulations and restrictions. There is an increasing use of insecticides such Pyrethrins and similar compounds which breakdown quickly and therefore have a very low persistence. It must also be remembered that many insecticides such as Dimethoate will require a week or more before edible crops can be harvested. A lot of insecticides will also kill pollinating and beneficial insects. Check with the extension service before using any chemicals.
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