2,2,4-Trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol monoisobutyrate
Other Names
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Haltanol Ester Alcohol
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TMPIB (abbreviation for 2,2,4-Trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol monoisobutyrate)
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Coalescing Solvent / Film-Forming Ester Alcohol
CAS Number: 25265-71-8
Chemical Formula: C₁₂H₂₄O₃
Molecular Weight: 216.32 g/mol
📘 1. Definition
2,2,4-Trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol monoisobutyrate is a colorless, high-boiling ester alcohol. It is widely used as a coalescent solvent in latex paints, coatings, inks, and polymer dispersions. The compound improves film formation, flexibility, and smoothness in waterborne polymer systems. Its low volatility and high boiling point make it ideal for longer drying applications.
🧪 2. Physical & Chemical Properties
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Chemical Formula | C₁₂H₂₄O₃ |
| Molecular Weight | 216.32 g/mol |
| Appearance | Colorless, clear liquid |
| Odor | Mild, ester-like |
| Boiling Point | ~255 °C |
| Melting Point | ~–50 °C |
| Flash Point | ~121 °C (closed cup) |
| Density | 0.94 g/cm³ |
| Vapor Pressure | Very low (~0.01 mmHg at 20 °C) |
| Solubility | Very low in water (~0.1 %) |
| Stability | Chemically stable under normal conditions |
🧰 3. Applications / Uses
| Industry | Applications |
|---|---|
| Paints & Coatings | Coalescing solvent to improve film formation in waterborne latex paints |
| Inks & Printing | Enhances film integrity and smooth drying of printing inks |
| Adhesives & Sealants | Improves flexibility and film formation in polymer-based adhesives |
| Plastics / Polymer Industry | Plasticizer and coalescent agent in polymer dispersions |
| Laboratory / Research | Solvent for specialized formulations requiring low volatility and high boiling point |
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Function: Lowers minimum film-forming temperature (MFFT), improves polymer coalescence, reduces film defects such as cracking or surface irregularities.
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Advantages: High boiling, low VOC emission, stable under high temperature, compatible with a wide range of polymer systems.
⚠️ 4. Safety & Handling
| Hazard | Details |
|---|---|
| Health | Mild irritation possible; avoid prolonged skin or eye contact |
| Fire | Combustible liquid; flash point ~121 °C |
| Environmental | Low water solubility; avoid release to waterways |
| PPE | Gloves, goggles, protective clothing recommended |
| Storage | Store in cool, dry, well-ventilated area, away from strong oxidizers |
| Handling | Minimize exposure, avoid inhalation of vapors or aerosols |
📌 5. Summary
2,2,4-Trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol monoisobutyrate (Haltanol Ester Alcohol) is a high-boiling coalescent solvent used primarily in latex paints, waterborne coatings, inks, and adhesives. Its low volatility, chemical stability, and ability to improve film formation make it an essential additive in polymer dispersions and other coating formulations. Proper handling and storage are recommended due to its combustible nature and mild irritant potential.
