PART I — FUNDAMENTALS, RAW MATERIALS AND HYDROLYSIS PRINCIPLES 

CHAPTER 1 — ANIMAL-DERIVED AMINO ACID POWDER: PRODUCT IDENTITY, INDUSTRIAL DEFINITION AND COMMERCIAL IMPORTANCE……… 2

CHAPTER 2 — PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND AMINO ACID FUNDAMENTALS…….. 17

CHAPTER 3 — COMPOSITION AND CHARACTERISTICS OF ANIMAL PROTEINS………. 29

CHAPTER 4 — INDUSTRIAL ANIMAL PROTEIN SOURCES AND FEEDSTOCK CATEGORIES —– 43

CHAPTER 5 — RAW MATERIAL SELECTION, CLASSIFICATION AND GRADE EVALUATION ——- 54

CHAPTER 6 — RAW MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS, IMPURITIES, CONTAMINANTS AND ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA……… 65

CHAPTER 7 — PROTEIN HYDROLYSIS FUNDAMENTALS AND PEPTIDE BOND CLEAVAGE ——- 77

CHAPTER 8 — ACID, ALKALINE AND ENZYMATIC HYDROLYSIS TECHNOLOGIES: TECHNICAL COMPARISON…………91

CHAPTER 9 — AMINO ACID PROFILE, PEPTIDE DISTRIBUTION AND FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES OF HYDROLYSATES…….. 103

CHAPTER 10 — TARGET CHARACTERISTICS AND QUALITY REQUIREMENTS OF COMMERCIAL AMINO ACID POWDER……….116

PART II — MANUFACTURING CORE: FROM RAW MATERIAL RECEIVING TO FINISHED POWDER

CHAPTER 11 — INDUSTRIAL PROCESS ARCHITECTURE AND COMPLETE FACTORY FLOW ——-130

CHAPTER 12 — RAW MATERIAL RECEIVING, INSPECTION, STORAGE AND PRE-PROCESS CONTROL……… 145

CHAPTER 13 — CLEANING, WASHING, DEGREASING AND SIZE REDUCTION……….. 157

CHAPTER 14 — RAW MATERIAL CONDITIONING AND PRE-HYDROLYSIS PREPARATION ——-170

CHAPTER 15 — HYDROLYSIS REACTOR SYSTEM PREPARATION AND MATERIAL CHARGING ——-183

CHAPTER 16 — INDUSTRIAL ACID HYDROLYSIS PROCESS….. 196

CHAPTER 17 — INDUSTRIAL ALKALINE HYDROLYSIS PROCESS………… 208

CHAPTER 18 — INDUSTRIAL ENZYMATIC HYDROLYSIS PROCESS……….. 221

CHAPTER 19 — HYDROLYSIS ENDPOINT DETERMINATION AND PROCESS CONTROL ——- 237

CHAPTER 20 — NEUTRALIZATION AND pH CORRECTION………. 252

CHAPTER 21 — SOLID–LIQUID SEPARATION, FILTRATION, CLARIFICATION AND PURIFICATION ——- 266

CHAPTER 22 — COLOR, ODOR, IMPURITY AND ASH MANAGEMENT………. 279

CHAPTER 23 — CONCENTRATION, DRYING AND POWDER FORMATION………….. 294

CHAPTER 24 — MILLING, SIEVING, STANDARDIZATION AND FINAL POWDER FINISHING ——– 311

PART III — PRODUCT QUALITY, INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION AND PLANT MANAGEMENT 

CHAPTER 25 — COMMERCIAL PRODUCT GRADES AND FINISHED PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS ———– 328

CHAPTER 26 — QUALITY CONTROL LABORATORY AND ANALYTICAL TESTING…… 342

CHAPTER 27 — POWDER STABILITY, HYGROSCOPICITY, CAKING, STORAGE AND PACKAGING ——— 358

CHAPTER 28 — INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS OF ANIMAL-DERIVED AMINO ACID POWDER ——– 375

CHAPTER 29 — INDUSTRIAL SCALE-UP, MATERIAL BALANCE, YIELD AND UTILITY CONSUMPTION………. 391

CHAPTER 30 — MANUFACTURING TROUBLESHOOTING AND PROCESS OPTIMIZATION ——— 410

CHAPTER 31 — PLANT EQUIPMENT, AUTOMATION, PROCESS SAFETY, ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL, ECONOMICS AND REGULATORY CONSIDERATIONS……. 430