Overview of Boron Deficiency in Apples Boron deficiency is a common micronutrient disorder in apple orchards, particularly in light-textured soils, high rainfall regions, and intensively managed production systems. Apples are highly sensitive to boron imbalance, and even slight deficiencies can lead to serious physiological disorders affecting fruit quality and yield. Role of Boron in Apple […]
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INTRODUCTION Manganese deficiency in apples is a common micronutrient disorder that negatively affects photosynthesis, enzyme activity, and overall tree vitality. Manganese (Mn) plays a key role in chlorophyll formation, nitrogen metabolism, and carbohydrate synthesis. In apple orchards, manganese availability is strongly influenced by soil pH, texture, and organic matter content. ROLE OF MANGANESE IN APPLE […]